Gruppi islamisti salafiti e wahabiti e paesi alleati.
La "Falsa Primavera" araba
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Alleati di Assad
I principali belligeranti
| Main belligerents | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 Syrian government
Allied groups
|  Syrian opposition
|  Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant(from 2013)[5][6][7] |  Rojava (SDF)(from 2012) |
| Commanders and leaders | |||
|
|
|
  Stephen J. Townsend[52](Commander of CJTF-OIR) |
| Strength | |||
Syrian Armed Forces: 180,000[53]
Other allied groups: 15,500+General Security Directorate: 8,000[54] National Defense Force: 80,000[55] Hezbollah: 6,000–8,000[56] Ba'ath Brigades: 7,000 Russia: 4,000 troops[57]and 1,000 contractors[58] Iran: 3,000–5,000[56][59] |
Tahrir al-Sham: 31,000[63]
Allied groups: 8,500+ | 15,000–20,000 (U.S. claim, late 2016)[64] | |
| Casualties and losses | |||
| Syrian Government: 60,901–95,901 soldiers killed[69][70] 45,290–59,290 militiamen killed[69][70] 4,700 soldiers and militiamen and 2,000 supporters captured[69]  Hezbollah:1,421–1,700 killed[69][71]  Russia:33–38 soldiers[72][73] and 28–34 contractors killed[74] 6,862 killed[69] (  475)[75] |
 Turkey:71 soldiers killed (2016–17 ground incursion)[77] | 11,522+ killed (per SOHR)[78] 20,711+ killed (per YPG and SAA)[79][80] |
 CJTF–OIR:3 killed[83][84][85] |
96,073[69]–103,648[86] (3,284 foreign; mostly Palestinian) civilian deaths documented by opposition
88 other foreign soldiers killed (  48,  16, 17,  7)
Total killed:
321,358–451,358 (March 2017 SOHR estimate)[69] 470,000 (February 2016 SCPR estimate)[87]
Over 7,600,000 internally displaced (July 2015 UNHCR estimate)
Over 4,800,000 refugees (August 2016 estimate NRC Handelsblad)[88]; over 4,000,000(July 2015 UNHCR estimate)[89][90][91]
a Turkey has provided arms support to the Syrian opposition since 2011. From August 2016 to March 2017, Turkey fought alongside a rebel contingent in Aleppo governorate against the SDF and ISIL but not against the Syrian government.
d Number includes Kurdish and ISIL fighters, whose deaths are also listed in their separate columns.[94][69]b From September to November 2016, the United States fought alongside a rebel contingent in Aleppo governorate solely against ISIL, but not against the Syrian government or the SDF.[92][93] In April 2017, the United States attacked the Syrian government in response to the Khan Shaykhun chemical attack. c Ahrar al-Sham and Tahrir al-Sham's predecessor, the Al-Nusra Front, were allied under the Army of Conquest from March 2015 to January 2017. | |||
