Origini e significati del Tryzub, il tridente nazionalista diventato lo stemma dell'Ucraina

Герб України (Gerb Ukraїni)
Blasonatura: scudo blu con tridente giallo

Lo Stemma dell'Ucraina (in ucraino: Державний Герб України) o più comunemente Tryzub (tridente in ucraino) ha lo stesso colore della bandiera ucraina; uno scudo blu con un tridente giallo, chiamato tryzub. Appare anche sulla bandiera presidenziale.

L'emblema rappresenta una composizione prearaldica collegata alla dinastia Rurik, che fondò e governò il Gran Principato di Kiev fino all'invasione dei Mongoli, e ad altri elementi risalenti al quindicesimo secolo. Non è possibile determinare con accuratezza l'origine ed il significato del significato del tridente ucraino, sembra possa essere collegato alla scrittura della parola libertà (ВОЛЯ) pronunciata VOLYA. Scavi archeologici mostrano il simbolo del tridente sin dal Primo secolo a.C.

Un'ipotesi attualmente in voga è che il Tryzub fosse la stilizzazione di un'aquila capovolta, ossia con un volo in picchiata probabilmente per cacciare una preda.

Potrebbe trattarsi anche di un falco, simbolo di libertà e capacità di lottare vittoriosamente.

È lo stemma ufficiale Ucraino dal 26 giugno 1996. È stato in passato simbolo nazionale durante il periodo durante il quale la nazione fu indipendente (1917 - 1920).

Tryzub

Тризуб
Formation	14 October 1993; 24 years ago
Location	Ukraine
Leader	Victor Serdulets'
Website	http://banderivec.org.ua/index.php[last modified ca. March 2014]

Tryzub (Ukrainian: Тризуб) is a far-right^[1] Ukrainian paramilitary organization founded in 1993 by the Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists.^[2][3] Its full name is the Stepan Bandera All-Ukrainian Organization ″Tryzub″(Ukrainian: Всеукраїнська організація ″Тризуб″ імені Степана Бандери) and its main goal is to create the Ukrainian United Independent State (Ukrainian: Українська Соборна Самостійна Держава, УССД). According to Tryzub, its enemies in achieving this goal are ″imperialism and chauvinism, fascism and communism, cosmopolitanism and pseudo-nationalism, totalitarianism and anarchy, any evil that seeks to parasitize on the sweat and blood of Ukrainians″.^[4]

History

Created October 1993 by the Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists,^[2][3] Tryzub's leader since 2005 is Dmytro Yarosh.^[1] Among other important figures one names Ternopil's Officer Union member Eugene Fil (Євген Філь) and Ivan Suta (Іван Сута).^[5] Dmytro Yarosh himself pointed out the presence educated theorists members as well and he named the figures of Serhiy Kvit (Сергій Квіт) and Peter Ivanishin.^[6]

Tryzub became the basis for the formation of the Right Sector, and Dmytro Yarosh became the leader of the new right-wing coalition.^[1] As of 5 February 2014, the Investigative Committee of Russia claimed to have issued an international arrest warrant for Dmytro Yarosh.^[7]

Name and symbols

The name ″Tryzub″ (″Тризуб″) is the name of the coat of arms of Ukraine where the front shape resembles a trident. While in Ukrainian there is the special term ″тризубець″ for a trident per se, the shape on the coat of arms is specifically called by a derivative term "тризуб". The difference between ″тризубець″ and "тризуб" is not fully translatable in English yet resemble a bit the one between a trident and a trishula. While the first is more casual, the second is more heavily connected with symbolism.

The organization logo consists by the official description of "the Christ sword and the trysub, like the one of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists^[8]".

References

1. ^ Jump up to:^a b c Simon Shuster (2014-02-04). "Exclusive: Leader of far-right Ukrainian militant group talks revolution with TIME". TIME.com. Retrieved 2014-02-15.
2. ^ Jump up to:^a b Kuzio, Taras (23 April 2013). "Contemporary Nationalism in Ukraine: Why we need a Broader Analytical Framework". arriman Institute Workshop, Columbia University, April 2013. Creating paramilitaries also proved to be failure. In 1993, the Stepan Bandera Sports-Patriotic Association Tryzub (Trident) was established by KUN as its paramilitary arm, mimicking UNA, DSU and the SNPU who also established paramilitary formations. Tryzyb also followed in the tradition of a political organisation (KUN/OUN) having its military forces (Tryzub/UPA).
3. ^ Jump up to:^a b Likhachev, Viacheslav (September–October 2013). "Right-Wing Extremism on the Rise in Ukraine". Russian Politics and Law. 51 (5). doi:10.2753/RUP1061-1940510503. ISSN 1558-0962. Other notable ultraright groups in Ukraine include the Trident named in honor of Stepan Bandera (based on the Congress of Ukrainian Na- tionalists)...
4. Jump up^ Декларація наших принципів (in Ukrainian). Тризуб. Archived from the original on 2014-02-09.
5. Jump up^ Націоналісти у Тернополі відзначили 20-річчя "Тризубу" ім. Степана Бандери (in Ukrainian). 7 Днів-Україна. 2013-11-01. Retrieved 2014-02-15.
6. Jump up^ Мустафа Найем, Оксана Коваленко. (2014-02-04). Лідер Правого сектору Дмитро Ярош: Коли 80% країни не підтримує владу, громадянської війни бути не може (in Ukrainian). Українська правда. Retrieved 2014-02-15.
7. Jump up^ Россия объявила лидера "Правого сектора" в международный розыск (in Russian). Лента.Ру. 2014-03-05. Retrieved 2014-03-04.
8. Jump up^ "Cтатут" (in Ukrainian). Тризуб. Archived from the original on 2014-02-09.